{"id":4739,"date":"2018-11-13T15:25:40","date_gmt":"2018-11-13T13:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/?p=4739"},"modified":"2018-11-13T15:25:40","modified_gmt":"2018-11-13T13:25:40","slug":"dite-adhd-patri-normalni-skoly-jaka-role-rodice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/dite-adhd-patri-normalni-skoly-jaka-role-rodice\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00edt\u011b s ADHD pat\u0159\u00ed do norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly. Jak\u00e1 je role rodi\u010de?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>ADHD je porucha pozornosti, o kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji mluv\u00ed. Jak se u d\u011bt\u00ed pozn\u00e1, v\u00a0kolika letech je mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00a0jistotou \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b poruchou pozornosti skute\u010dn\u011b trp\u00ed, a co se s\u00a0t\u00edm d\u00e1 d\u011blat? Poj\u010fme se na to pod\u00edvat. Na konci p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku najdete u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<h2>Co je ADHD? Velmi jednodu\u0161e<\/h2>\n<p>Porucha pozornosti s\u00a0hyperaktivitou (zn\u00e1m\u00e1 pod zkratkou ADHD, tedy <em>Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder<\/em> ) se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi neurov\u00fdvojov\u00e9 poruchy. Co to v\u00a0praxi znamen\u00e1? Laicky \u0159e\u010deno <strong>ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st mozku zraje odli\u0161n\u011b rychle. <\/strong>D\u00edt\u011b se s\u00a0touto nerovnov\u00e1hou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy u\u017e narod\u00ed. \u010c\u00e1sti mozku si mezi sebou vym\u011bn\u00ed informace pomaleji, ne\u017e je tomu u zdrav\u00e9ho jedince. Pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli tomu se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 objevovat <strong>nepozornost<\/strong>, <strong>d\u00edt\u011b si neum\u00ed vybrat adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed podn\u011bty, je neust\u00e1le v\u00a0pohybu, je neklidn\u00e9, jedn\u00e1 impulsivn\u011b a reaguje d\u0159\u00edve<\/strong>, ne\u017e si reakci stihne uv\u011bdomit a promyslet. Neum\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed moc dob\u0159e regulovat, na n\u011bkter\u00e9 dosp\u011bl\u00e9 \u010di kamar\u00e1dy m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit konfliktn\u011b a agresivn\u011b. V\u00a0kolektivu si t\u011b\u017eko udr\u017e\u00ed kamar\u00e1dy, a proto stoj\u00ed \u010dasto stranou.<\/p>\n<h2>ADHD se pozn\u00e1 nejd\u0159\u00edve ve t\u0159ech letech<\/h2>\n<p>Odborn\u00edci se shoduj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee hyperaktivitu je mo\u017en\u00e9 poznat <strong>mezi t\u0159et\u00edm a \u010dtvrt\u00fdm rokem \u017eivota<\/strong>. D\u0159\u00edve to nelze. L\u00e9ka\u0159i se p\u0159i diagn\u00f3ze soust\u0159ed\u00ed na v\u00edce krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Stanovit, zda m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b ADHD, nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159i jedn\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b pediatra. <strong>Mezi prvn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky<\/strong> pat\u0159\u00ed <strong>obt\u00ed\u017ee setrvat v\u00a0klidu v\u00a0kolektivu, vzn\u011btlivost, probl\u00e9my s\u00a0koncentrac\u00ed<\/strong> <strong>pozornosti<\/strong>. Tyto probl\u00e9my se projevuj\u00ed ve v\u00edce kolektivech, nap\u0159\u00edklad ve \u0161kolce, u babi\u010dky, doma. Dal\u0161\u00edm ukazatelem b\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee <strong>obt\u00ed\u017ee v\u00a0chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u00e9le ne\u017e p\u016fl roku<\/strong> a mus\u00ed se projevit d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e d\u00edt\u011b dovr\u0161\u00ed sedm\u00fd rok \u017eivota. Jen\u017ee ani v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee jsou v\u0161echny tyto podm\u00ednky sln\u011bny je\u0161t\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00e1 d\u00edt\u011b ADHD. V\u011bc je slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se zd\u00e1. L\u00e9ka\u0159i mus\u00ed vylou\u010dit p\u0159i stanoven\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed situace, kter\u00e9 mohou v\u00e9st k\u00a0n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, dlouhodob\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou zvy\u0161ovat hyperaktivitu u d\u011bt\u00ed, nebo traumatick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti v\u00a0rodin\u011b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>D\u011bti s\u00a0ADHD nejsou hloup\u00e9 a nemaj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eenou inteligenci.<\/strong> H\u016f\u0159e zapadnou do kolektivu pr\u00e1v\u011b kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu chov\u00e1n\u00ed, d\u00edky vzn\u011btlivosti \u010di \u0161patn\u00e9 koncentraci. Maj\u00ed probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem, mohou m\u00edt zhor\u0161en\u00e9 vyjad\u0159ovac\u00ed schopnosti. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli hraj\u00ed rodi\u010de, kte\u0159\u00ed by m\u011bli p\u0159i sebemen\u0161\u00edch pochybnostech vyhledat l\u00e9ka\u0159e. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve, t\u00edm l\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n<h2>Co d\u011blat, kdy\u017e se diagn\u00f3za potvrd\u00ed?<\/h2>\n<p>Nestrkejte hlavu do p\u00edsku. Kdy\u017e se porucha v\u010das potvrd\u00ed, lze s\u00a0n\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b dob\u0159e bojovat.<\/p>\n<p>U star\u0161\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed nebo dosp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edch je probl\u00e9m ADHD spojen se \u0161koln\u00ed doch\u00e1zkou. Adolescenti <strong>necht\u011bj\u00ed chodit do \u0161koly, nepln\u00ed \u00fakoly, maj\u00ed slabou motivaci pro stereotypn\u00ed \u010dinnosti<\/strong>, mohou odej\u00edt ze \u0161koly, a t\u00edm se sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro uplatn\u011bn\u00ed na trhu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.profesia.cz\/prace\/\">pr\u00e1ce<\/a>. <strong>Proto je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 doch\u00e1zet s\u00a0d\u00edt\u011btem k\u00a0l\u00e9ka\u0159i ji\u017e v\u00a0\u00fatl\u00e9m v\u011bku. <\/strong>P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b mezi 40 % a\u017e 50 % d\u011bt\u00ed s\u00a0ADHD m\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edznaky poruchy koncentrace i v\u00a0dosp\u011blosti. ADHD postihuje v\u00a0dosp\u011blosti 4 % a\u017e 5 % lid\u00ed, v\u00a0d\u011btstv\u00ed to je 3 % a\u017e 7 %. D\u00edky tomu, \u017ee se o ADHD v\u00edce hovo\u0159\u00ed mezi rodi\u010di, se d\u011bti dostanou brzy ke specialistovi, na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b se zvy\u0161uje po\u010det diagnostikovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, a tedy roste po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed s\u00a0touto neurov\u00fdvojovou poruchou.<\/p>\n<h2>Pro\u010d vznik\u00e1 ADHD?<\/h2>\n<p>D\u016fvod\u016f je cel\u00e1 \u0159ada. Odborn\u00edci se shoduj\u00ed na tom, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u010dina tkv\u00ed ji\u017e v\u00a0samotn\u00e9m <a href=\"https:\/\/www.benu.cz\/tehotensvi\">t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed<\/a>. Mezi rizikov\u00e9 faktory pat\u0159\u00ed <strong>obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd porod, rizikov\u00e9 t\u011bhotenstv\u00ed, n\u00edzk\u00e1 porodn\u00ed hmotnost, \u0161patn\u00e9 \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed narkotik, alkoholu, kou\u0159en\u00ed, stres a \u0161patn\u00fd pr\u016fb\u011bh gravidity, infekce, a tak\u00e9 d\u011bdi\u010dn\u00e9 predispozice.<\/strong> U chlapc\u016f se ADHD vyskytuje 3x \u010dast\u011bji ne\u017e u d\u00edvek. Na vin\u011b m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt to, \u017ee se u d\u00edvek neprojevuje porucha tak intenzivn\u011b jako u chlapc\u016f a d\u00edvky se nemus\u00ed k odborn\u00edkovi dostat.<\/p>\n<h2>Re\u017eim, p\u0159\u00edsnost i pochvala: Jak na d\u00edt\u011b s\u00a0ADHD?<\/h2>\n<p>ADHD ovliv\u0148uje \u017eivot d\u00edt\u011bte minim\u00e1ln\u011b do puberty. Nen\u00ed to nemoc v\u00a0prav\u00e9m slova smyslu, n\u00fdbr\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o <strong>vrozenou odli\u0161nost ve v\u00fdvoji centr\u00e1ln\u00ed nervov\u00e9 soustavy<\/strong>. K\u00a0d\u00edt\u011bti se maj\u00ed rodi\u010de chovat zcela b\u011b\u017en\u011b, ale nutn\u00e1 je tak\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de specialisty. Podstatn\u00e9 je <strong>za\u010dlenit d\u00edt\u011b do kolektivu, zam\u011bstnat jej oby\u010dejn\u00fdmi \u010dinnostmi<\/strong>. Vychov\u00e1vat se mus\u00ed <strong>d\u016fsledn\u011b<\/strong>, vhodn\u00e9 je <strong>vytvo\u0159it re\u017eim<\/strong>, kter\u00fd se dodr\u017euje, by\u0165 to je u d\u011bt\u00ed s\u00a0ADHD slo\u017eit\u00e9. Pravideln\u00e9 postupy, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee d\u00edt\u011b vn\u00edmat jako ritu\u00e1ly, mu usnadn\u00ed orientaci v\u00a0\u010dase a ujasn\u00ed mu, jak\u00e9 m\u00e1 povinnosti. <strong>D\u00edt\u011b nesm\u00ed setrv\u00e1vat v\u00a0situac\u00edch, ve kter\u00fdch sel\u017ee. <\/strong>Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed <strong>p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00ed \u010di sezen\u00ed<\/strong>, nemo\u017enost se prob\u011bhnout, kdy\u017e to zrovna pot\u0159ebuje. Vhodn\u00e9 je ratolest za dobr\u00fd v\u00fdsledek pr\u00e1ce odm\u011bnit, kdy\u017e nedodr\u017e\u00ed domluven\u00fd postup, dostane p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u00fd trest. Sebev\u011bdom\u00ed se posiluje na t\u011bch \u010dinnostech, v\u00a0nich\u017e vynikne. D\u00edt\u011b mus\u00ed m\u00edt <strong>p\u0159edem dan\u00e1, jednoduch\u00e1 a srozumiteln\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00fdm<\/strong> <strong>bude rozum\u011bt, um\u00ed je splnit,<\/strong> a proto nebude vystaveno stresu z\u00a0toho, \u017ee nev\u00ed, co se po n\u011bm chce. \u00dalevy z\u00a0b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u017eivota nejsou na m\u00edst\u011b. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro rodi\u010de je, aby pochopili, \u017ee se jejich potomek chov\u00e1 a p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161l\u00ed jinak, proto je pot\u0159eba n\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci d\u011blat odli\u0161n\u011b. Pokud si rodi\u010de nev\u00ed rady, mohou se obr\u00e1tit na odborn\u00edky.<\/p>\n<h2>Pot\u0159ebujete hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed? Vyberte vhodnou ch\u016fvu<\/h2>\n<p>Jestli pot\u0159ebujete ratolest pohl\u00eddat, zvolte ch\u016fvu, kter\u00e1 <strong>praxi s\u00a0d\u011btmi s\u00a0ADHD ji\u017e m\u00e1<\/strong>. Velk\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br hl\u00edda\u010dek najdete na <a href=\"http:\/\/www.domelie.cz\">www.domelie.cz<\/a>, kde si prohl\u00e9dnete jejich pracovn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti, a teprve pot\u00e9 vybranou ch\u016fvu kontaktujete. M\u016f\u017eete <a href=\"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/static\/how-it-works\">vytvo\u0159it<\/a> inzer\u00e1t, v\u00a0n\u011bm\u017e specifikujete sv\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n<h2>A co \u0161kola\u2026<\/h2>\n<p>Projevy ADHD lze zm\u00edrnit u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm l\u00e9k\u016f (psychofarmak), kter\u00e9 p\u0159edep\u00ed\u0161e l\u00e9ka\u0159. Systematick\u00fdm v\u00fdchovn\u00fdm postupem d\u00edt\u011b tr\u00e9nuje pozornost, pravideln\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvuje odborn\u00edka, m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed terapii, procvi\u010duje sebeovl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edznaky ADHD nelze vyl\u00e9\u010dit, ale lze je v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdm a dlouhodob\u00fdm procesem zm\u00edrnit. Rodi\u010de a d\u00edt\u011b tvo\u0159\u00ed jeden t\u00fdm, do kter\u00e9ho pat\u0159\u00ed i sourozenci, pedagogov\u00e9, psycholog, l\u00e9ka\u0159i, speci\u00e1ln\u00ed pedagog, prarodi\u010de a p\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. Ti v\u0161ichni mohou m\u00edt vliv na zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznak\u016f ADHD. Ve \u0161kole by m\u011bl \u017e\u00e1k dost\u00e1vat <strong>krat\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly, aby se na n\u011b mohl soust\u0159edit. Dobr\u00e1 motivace a pochvala upevn\u00ed jeho sebev\u011bdom\u00ed<\/strong>, d\u00edky <strong>autorit\u011b a vzoru si m\u016f\u017ee zlep\u0161it sebek\u00e1ze\u0148. <\/strong>\u010cinnosti by se m\u011bly <strong>st\u0159\u00eddat<\/strong>. L\u00e9ka\u0159i a odborn\u00edci se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u011bti s\u00a0ADHD pat\u0159\u00ed do norm\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0161koly.<\/p>\n<h2>Ve zkratce: Jak se ADHD projevuje u d\u00edt\u011bte:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Neudr\u017e\u00ed pozornost.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00e1 probl\u00e9my se sp\u00e1nkem.<\/li>\n<li>Nechce opakovat nudn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Je naru\u0161ena porucha hrub\u00e9 i jemn\u00e9 motoriky.<\/li>\n<li>Jedn\u00e1 velmi rychle a jsou pro n\u011bj charakteristick\u00e9 neadekv\u00e1tn\u00ed reakce.<\/li>\n<li>Nastupuje vztahova\u010dnost.<\/li>\n<li>Vyskytuje se probl\u00e9m s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm sebehodnocen\u00edm.<\/li>\n<li>Hyperaktivita se projevuje nadbyte\u010dn\u00fdmi pohyby a hlasit\u00fdm projevem.<\/li>\n<li>ADHD m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky, kter\u00e9 se u d\u011bt\u00ed mohou li\u0161it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 informace<\/h2>\n<p>P\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00ed klub pro hyperaktivn\u00ed d\u011bti: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.hyperka.eu\/adhd\">http:\/\/www.hyperka.eu\/adhd<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky pro dosp\u011bl\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed trp\u00ed poruchou pozornosti: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nepozornidospeli.cz\/\">http:\/\/www.nepozornidospeli.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Centrum pro rodinu a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.neklidne-deti.cz\/\">http:\/\/www.neklidne-deti.cz\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ADHD je porucha pozornosti, o kter\u00e9 se st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji mluv\u00ed. Jak se u d\u011bt\u00ed pozn\u00e1, v\u00a0kolika letech je mo\u017en\u00e9 s\u00a0jistotou \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b poruchou pozornosti skute\u010dn\u011b trp\u00ed, a co se s\u00a0t\u00edm d\u00e1 d\u011blat? Poj\u010fme se na to pod\u00edvat. Na konci p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku najdete u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4741,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3,5],"tags":[17,23,49],"class_list":["post-4739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hlidani-deti","category-domelie-radi","tag-adhd","tag-deti","tag-porucha-pozornosti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4739"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4739\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}