{"id":4678,"date":"2018-05-28T12:19:09","date_gmt":"2018-05-28T10:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/?p=4678"},"modified":"2018-05-28T12:19:09","modified_gmt":"2018-05-28T10:19:09","slug":"dve-perspektivy-proc-jsou-dvoulete-deti-ve-skolce-problem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.domelie.cz\/blog\/dve-perspektivy-proc-jsou-dvoulete-deti-ve-skolce-problem\/","title":{"rendered":"Dv\u011b perspektivy: Pro\u010d jsou dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti ve \u0161kolce probl\u00e9m?"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u00edky podpo\u0159e Sen\u00e1tu by nemusely mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161koly povinn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmat od roku 2020 dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti. P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed dvoule\u0165\u00e1k\u016f do \u0161kolek m\u00e1 sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznivce, ale tak\u00e9 odp\u016frce. To, zda se nyn\u00ed dvoulet\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b do \u0161kolky dostane, z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na rozhodnut\u00ed \u0159editel\u016f a \u0159editelek mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol. Je takov\u00e1 situace spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 a pat\u0159\u00ed dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti do \u0161kolky?<\/strong><\/p>\n


\nDo t\u0159\u00ed let doma: U n\u00e1s v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice<\/h2>\n

Psychologov\u00e9 se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee d\u011bti by m\u011bly vyr\u016fstat do v\u011bku t\u0159\u00ed let doma a tr\u00e1vit \u010das s rodi\u010di, nikoli pob\u00fdvat p\u011bt dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu po osm hodin denn\u011b ve \u0161kolce<\/strong>. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dokonce up\u0159es\u0148uj\u00ed, \u017ee ne ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b je ve v\u011bku t\u0159\u00ed let na \u0161kolku zral\u00e9. Pokud d\u011bti na \u0161kolku nejsou p\u0159ipraveny, maj\u00ed rodi\u010de n\u00e1stup do mate\u0159inky odlo\u017eit. Jen\u017ee ne ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u017eena m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt s d\u011btmi doma tak dlouho. V \u010cesk\u00e9 republice je jedna z nejdel\u0161\u00edch rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdch dovolen\u00fdch na sv\u011bt\u011b. Jen u n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt \u017eena s d\u00edt\u011btem doma a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i roky.<\/strong> Zam\u011bstnavatel je dle z\u00e1kona povinen dr\u017eet matce pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsto t\u0159i roky. Na rodi\u010dovsk\u00e9 dovolen\u00e9 si m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ivyd\u011bl\u00e1vat prac\u00ed na \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd \u00favazek, pracovat z domu, on-line.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e nem\u00e1te na vybranou<\/h2>\n

Co kdy\u017e \u017eena nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt s d\u00edt\u011btem doma?<\/strong> Do pr\u00e1ce ji mohou tla\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u016fvody. Jedn\u00edm z nich m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost v rodin\u011b, kdy partner p\u0159ijde o pr\u00e1ci, v hor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se mu stane v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd \u00faraz a \u017eena mus\u00ed nastoupit do zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed. Rozveden\u00e9 matky nemaj\u00ed na v\u00fdb\u011br, nastupuj\u00ed do pr\u00e1ce d\u0159\u00edve a d\u00edt\u011b se sna\u017e\u00ed um\u00edstit do \u0161kolky. V takov\u00fdch situac\u00edch se ned\u00e1 nic d\u011blat. V sou\u010dasnosti, dle platn\u00e9 legislativy, mohou \u0159editel\u00e9 a \u0159editelky mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kol dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti p\u0159ijmout, ale nen\u00ed to jejich povinnost.<\/p>\n

\nNov\u00e1 legislativa: Plo\u0161n\u011b do \u0161kolky ve dvou letech<\/h2>\n

Dle nov\u00e9 legislativy budou muset mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kolky p\u0159ijmout v\u0161echny dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti, jejich\u017e rodi\u010de projev\u00ed o um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed ve \u0161kolce z\u00e1jem<\/strong>. Novela m\u00e1 vstoupit v platnost 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2020. Nyn\u00ed se za ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b, kter\u00e9 je mlad\u0161\u00ed t\u0159\u00ed let, sni\u017euje maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b o dv\u011b. Ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b mohou b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b t\u0159i dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti. Jen\u017ee je skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159eba na\u0159izovat \u0161kolk\u00e1m, aby p\u0159ij\u00edmaly dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti? Bude po takov\u00e9 slu\u017eb\u011b popt\u00e1vka ze strany rodi\u010d\u016f? \u0160kolky budou muset proj\u00edt rekonstrukc\u00ed, aby splnily z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/strong> Rodi\u010de sice nebude nikdo nutit, aby d\u011bti do \u0161kolky dali, ale mate\u0159inky se budou pot\u00fdkat s person\u00e1ln\u00edmi probl\u00e9my, nebudou moci odhadnout, kolik rodi\u010d\u016f bude m\u00edt o novou slu\u017ebu z\u00e1jem.<\/p>\n

Co je pot\u0159eba k provozu \u0161kolky<\/h2>\n

Provoz je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd po legislativn\u00ed i technick\u00e9 str\u00e1nce. Podm\u00ednky pro otev\u0159en\u00ed a provoz mate\u0159inky pro d\u011bti od t\u0159\u00ed let upravuje \u0161kolsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon, vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 14\/2005 Sb., o p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edm vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 107\/2005 Sb., o \u0161koln\u00edm stravov\u00e1n\u00ed a vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 410\/2005 Sb., o hygienick\u00fdch po\u017eadavc\u00edch na prostory a provoz za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a provozoven pro v\u00fdchovu a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a mladistv\u00fdch. Jestli\u017ee se v mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kolce vzd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u011bti od dvou let, je povinnost\u00ed \u0159editel\u016f \u0161kolek zajistit jim takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, aby mohly d\u011bti \u0161kolku nav\u0161t\u011bvovat. Pokud by \u0161kolky plo\u0161n\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaly dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti, mus\u00ed pro n\u011b upravit hygienick\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed.<\/strong> Ve \u0161kolce mus\u00ed b\u00fdt nav\u00edc no\u010dn\u00edky, kter\u00e9 jsou desinfikov\u00e1ny, a vym\u00fdv\u00e1ny. V um\u00fdv\u00e1rn\u011b mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159ebalovac\u00ed st\u016fl<\/strong>, kter\u00fd zajist\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bti intimitu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 bude v bl\u00edzkosti umyvadla pro zam\u011bstnance. Pleny<\/strong> jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny podle z\u00e1kona \u010d. 185\/2001 Sb., o odpadech, za odpad p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00ed biologick\u00e9 riziko, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt proto vhazov\u00e1ny do kryt\u00e9ho n\u00e1\u0161lapn\u00e9ho ko\u0161e. V\u0161e se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed z\u00e1kony a vyhl\u00e1\u0161kami. Nap\u0159\u00edklad i to, jak se vyhazuj\u00ed pleny, jak se s nimi nakl\u00e1d\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\nZ jin\u00e9ho \u00fahlu: A co na to mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kolky?<\/h2>\n

\u0160kolky na dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti nejsou p\u0159ipraveny. Obce nemaj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kapacit a p\u0159\u00edpadnou rekonstrukci, kter\u00e1 se vztahuje na prostory, ve kter\u00fdch budou dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti sp\u00e1t,<\/strong> na um\u00fdv\u00e1rny, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a herny. Ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch chyb\u00ed p\u0159ebalovac\u00ed pulty a person\u00e1l, kter\u00fd by batolat\u016fm v\u011bnoval v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di ne\u017e star\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem.<\/p>\n

\"Pro\u010d<\/p>\n

Pom\u011brn\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00fd n\u00e1zor na celou situaci sepsali \u0159editel\u00e9 a \u0159editelky mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kolek. Ot\u00e1zku, zda dvoulet\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b do \u0161kolky pat\u0159\u00ed \u010di nikoli, nelze plo\u0161n\u011b zodpov\u011bd\u011bt, nebo\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b se vyv\u00edj\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u011b<\/strong>. N\u011bkter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na pravidelnou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvu \u0161kolky ve dvou letech zral\u00e9, jin\u00e9 b\u00fdt nemus\u00ed. Pedagogov\u00e9 odkazuj\u00ed na psychologa prof. Zde\u0148ka Mat\u011bj\u010dka, kter\u00fd jako pot\u0159ebu mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed ozna\u010dil jistotu a bezpe\u010d\u00ed<\/strong>. Nem\u00e1-li d\u00edt\u011b pocit jistoty a bezpe\u010d\u00ed, vznik\u00e1 u n\u011bj stres a del\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost stresu zablokuje chu\u0165 otev\u0159\u00edt se nov\u00fdm v\u011bcem.<\/p>\n

D\u00e1le ukazuj\u00ed na velikost mate\u0159sk\u00e9 \u0161kolky. Ve velk\u00e9 \u0161kolce m\u016f\u017ee \u0159editel \u010di \u0159editelka vy\u010dlenit speci\u00e1ln\u00ed t\u0159\u00eddu pro dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti, ale v mal\u00e9 \u0161kolce na mal\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b to nen\u00ed z kapacitn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f mo\u017en\u00e9. V jednot\u0159\u00eddk\u00e1ch budou spolu d\u011bti dvoulet\u00e9 i p\u011btilet\u00e9, a to ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu. Pracovat v takov\u00e9to skupin\u011b bude stresem pro v\u0161echny z\u00fa\u010dastn\u011bn\u00e9. D\u011bti nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed mate\u0159skou \u0161kolku denn\u011b, n\u011bkter\u00e9 v rozsahu a\u017e 10 hodin za den. Pro mal\u00e9 d\u011bti by bylo vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doch\u00e1zet do \u0161kolky na n\u011bkolik hodin denn\u011b a pouze p\u00e1r dn\u00ed v t\u00fddnu.<\/p>\n

\nKam s n\u00edm?: Do d\u011btsk\u00e9 skupiny<\/h2>\n

D\u00edt\u011b mlad\u0161\u00ed t\u0159i roky m\u016f\u017ee doch\u00e1zet do soukrom\u00fdch jesli\u010dek na n\u011bkolik hodin v t\u00fddnu. Jen\u017ee tuto mo\u017enost si nem\u016f\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 rodina z finan\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fvod\u016f dovolit. Dvoulet\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b je mo\u017en\u00e9 um\u00edstit do d\u011btsk\u00e9 skupiny, kter\u00fdch je v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b na 640<\/strong>. D\u011btskou skupinu definuje z\u00e1kon \u010d. 247\/2014 Sb., o d\u011btsk\u00e9 skupin\u011b, v platn\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed. D\u011btsk\u00e1 skupina se prim\u00e1rn\u011b star\u00e1 o d\u011bti od dvou do t\u0159\u00ed let<\/strong>, naproti tomu mate\u0159inka m\u00e1 charakter p\u0159ed\u0161koln\u00edho vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed dvoulet\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed do \u0161kolky by m\u011blo z\u00e1viset na tom, zda jsou k n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b \u0161kolky zral\u00e9 a nikoli na konkr\u00e9tn\u00edm z\u00e1kon\u011b<\/strong>. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee nastat situace, kdy je pot\u0159eba, aby d\u00edt\u011b nav\u0161t\u011bvovalo \u0161kolku z d\u016fvodu nemoci, rozvodu, finan\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159eby zabezpe\u010dit rodinu. V takov\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je nutn\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b do \u0161kolky um\u00edstit, nebo hledat adekv\u00e1tn\u00ed hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/a> T\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nap\u0159\u00edklad ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 d\u011btsk\u00e1 skupina, babi\u010dka na hl\u00edd\u00e1n\u00ed, aupair, ch\u016fva<\/a>, soukrom\u00e9 jesli\u010dky.<\/strong> Rodi\u010de mohou kontaktovat st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0161kolku a vylo\u017eit \u0159editeli \u010di \u0159editelce svou situaci. Rozhodnut\u00ed o p\u0159ijet\u00ed je pr\u00e1v\u011b v jeho \u010di jej\u00ed kompetenci. T\u011bchto p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f nen\u00ed tolik na to, aby byla nutn\u00e1 drah\u00e1 rekonstrukce \u0161kolek, navy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed person\u00e1lu a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00e9 povinnosti p\u0159ij\u00edmat dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/p>\n

Shrnut\u00ed: Dva a t\u0159i je rozd\u00edl, stejn\u011b jako \u0161kolka a jesle.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Se\u010dteno a podtr\u017eeno. Probl\u00e9m p\u0159ijmout dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti do \u0161kolky spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve dvou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch bodech. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b stoj\u00ed obava z toho, \u017ee do v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho kolektivu d\u011bt\u00ed p\u0159ijdou i takov\u00e9, kter\u00e9 nebudou psychicky zral\u00e9<\/strong> na to, aby si mohly s ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi hr\u00e1t a nestr\u00e1daly. Na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 stoj\u00ed praktick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my \u2013 zcela nep\u0159ipraven\u00e9 z\u00e1zem\u00ed v mate\u0159sk\u00fdch \u0161kolk\u00e1ch pro dvoulet\u00e9 d\u011bti.<\/strong> Ve \u0161kolk\u00e1ch chyb\u00ed p\u0159ebalovac\u00ed pulty, hra\u010dky pro batolata, nejsou zaji\u0161t\u011bny bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a hygienick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, stejn\u011b tak se \u0161kolky budou pot\u00fdkat s person\u00e1ln\u00edmi probl\u00e9my v d\u016fsledku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu t\u0159\u00edd, by\u0165 by se po\u010det d\u011bt\u00ed nav\u00fd\u0161il nepatrn\u011b. Mo\u017en\u00e1, \u017ee by m\u00edsto \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona bylo vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zav\u00e9st v\u00edce d\u011btsk\u00fdch skupin.<\/p>\n

U\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 odkazy<\/h3>\n